Великобритания: природа, климат. Растительность и животный мир Великобритании

24.09.2019

The climate in Great Britain is generally mild and temperate due to the influence of the Gulf Stream. The south-western winds carry the warmth and moisture into Britain. The climate in Britain is usually described as cool, temperate and humid.

British people say: "Other countries have a climate, in England we have weather."

The weather in Britain changes very quickly. One day may be fine and the next day may be wet. The morning may be warm and the evening may be cool. Therefore it is natural for the people to use the comparison "as changeable as the weather" of a person who often changes his mood or opinion about something. The weather is the favourite topic of conversation in Britain. When two Englishmen are introduced to each other, if they can"t think of any thing else to talk about, they talk about weather. When two people meet in the street they will often say something about weather as they pass, just to show their friendliness.

Every daily paper publishes a weather forecast. Both the radio and television give the weather forecast several times each day.

The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when in rains all day long. Sometimes it rains so heavily that they say "It"s raining cats and dogs".

Rainfall is more or less even throughout the year. In the mountains there is heavier rainfall then in the plains of the south and east. The driest period is from March to June and the wettest months are from October to January. The average range of temperature (from winter to summer) is from 15 to 23 degrees above zero. During a normal summer the temperature sometimes rises above 30 degrees in the south. Winter temperatures below 10 degrees are rare. It seldom snows heavily in winter, the frost is rare. January and February are usually the coldest months, July and August the warmest. Still the wind may bring winter cold in spring or summer days. Sometimes it brings the whirlwinds or hurricanes. Droughts are rare.

So, we may say that the British climate has three main features: it is mild, humid and changeable. That means that it is never too hot or too cold. Winters are extremely mild. Snow may come but it melts quickly. In winter the cold is humid cold, not the dry one.

This humid and mild climate is good for plants. The trees and flowers begin to blossom early in spring.

In the British homes there has been no central heating up till recently. The fireplaces are often used. but the coal is not used as it"s very expensive. Britain has no good coal now and imports it itself. Many schools and universities have no central heating either, and the floors there are made of stone. The British bedroom is especially cold, sometimes electric blankets or hotwater bottles are used.

VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE

Britain was originally a land of vast forests. mainly oak and beech in the Lowlands and pine and birch In the Highlands, with great stretches of marshland and smaller areas of moors. In the course of time, much forest land was cleared and almost all Lowlands outside the industrial areas were put under cultivation. Today only about 6 per cent of the total land area remains wooded.

Extensive forests remain in eastern and northern Scotland and in south-eastern and western England. Oak, elm, ash, and beech are the commonest trees in England, while Scotland has much pine and birch. The Highlands with thin soil are largely moorland with heather and grasses. In the cultivated areas that make up most of Britain there are many wild flowers, flowering plants and grasses.

The fauna or animal life of Britain is much like that of north-western Europe, to which it was once joined. Many larger mammals such as bear, wolf have been hunted to extinction, others are now protected by law. There are many foxes. Otters are common along rivers and streams, and seals live along much of the coast. Hedgehogs, hares, rabbits, rats and mice are numerous. Deer live in some of the forests in the Highlands of Scotland and England.

Some 230 kinds of birds live in Britain, and another 200 are regular visitors, many are songbirds. The most numerous are blackbirds, sparrow and starling. Robin Redbreast is the national bird of Britain. The number of ducks, geese and other water fowl has diminished during recent years.

There are many threats to wildlife and ecological balance around the coast. The biggest threat to the coastline is pollution. Even much-loved.

Blackpool is not officially asafe. More than 3.500 million tons of industrial waste is pumped into the North Sea every year. "We cannot continue to use our seas as a dustbin and expect our coastline to survive," says Greenpeace. Many other ecological problems may be caused by privatization of the coast. Many of the rivers are "biologically dead", i.e. unable to support fish and wildlife.

Топик по английскому языку с переводом на тему Великобритания (Great Britain) поможет вам рассказать о стране, язык которой вы изучаете. Тема Великобритания (Great Britain) по английскому языку даст вам общее представление об этой стране о ее географии и основных достопримечательностях.

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Great Britain

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. They lie to the north-west of Europe and are separated from the continent by the narrow strait of water. It is called the English Channel. Seas and oceans influence the British climate. It is too cold in winter but never very hot in summer.

The United Kingdom consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England is the central part, it occupies the most of the island of Great Britain. Each part has its capital: the capital of England is London, Scotland has Edinburgh, Wales has Cardiff, and the main city of Northern Ireland is Belfast.

The capital of Great Britain is London; it is the cultural center of the country and is situated on the banks of the Thames. There are s lot of places of interest to visit. The Big Ben, the Tower Bridge over the river Thames, the International London Heathrow Airport, the Westminster Abbey, the National Gallery of Art and many others.

There are about 64 million people living in Great Britain, most of them are English, Irish and Scottish. They all have special traditions for celebrating holidays and cook special food for festivals. All the members of families take part in these events. People in Great Britain are polite and kind.

Great Britain is the state of the future. I dream of going to London and seeing the most wonderful sights of the capital of the United Kingdom and I hope it will come true one day.

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Великобритания

Объединенное королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии расположено на Британских островах. Они лежат на севере Европы и отделены от континента узким проливом. Он называется Английским каналом. На британский климат оказывают влияние моря и океаны. Зимой бывает слишком холодно, но летом никогда не бывает слишком жарко.

Объединенное королевство состоит из 4 частей – Англии, Уэльса, Шотландии и Северной Ирландии. У каждой части своя столица. Столица Англии Лондон, Шотландии – Эдинбург, Уэльса – Кардиф, а главный город Северной Ирландии –Белфаст.

Столица Великобритании – Лондон, это культурный центр страны, и он расположен на берегах Темзы. В нем много достопримечательностей, которые можно посетить – Биг Бен, Тауэрский мост через реку Темзу, Интернациональный аэропорт Хитроу, Вестминстерское Аббатство, Национальная Галерея Искусства и много других.

В Британии живет около 64 миллионов людей, большинство из них англичане, Ирландцы и шотландцы. У всех них особые традиции для праздников, они готовят особую еду для фестивалей. Все члены семьи принимают участие в этих событиях. Люди в Британии вежливы и добры.

Многие известные люди родились в Британии. Один из них Уильям Шекспир, который написал трагедии “Ромео и Джульетта”, “Гамлет”, “Макбет” и много других пьес. Уильям Шекспир Родился в 1564 году и жил в Страдфорде на Эйвоне с женой и детьми. Шекспир умер в 1616 году.

Великобритания считается государством будущего. Я мечтаю о том, чтобы посетить Лондон и полюбоваться сами прекрасными видами столицы Объединенного Королевства и надеюсь, что эта мечта когда-нибудь сбудется.

Great Britain is situated on the islands. It is washed by seas from all the sides. That’s why the climate and the nature of Great Britain are very specific. It is not very cold in winter and never very hot in summer. There is no ice on the lakes and rivers in winter. It seldom snows. It rains very often in all the seasons. The weather changes very often. All this is due to the influence of the Gulf Stream.

Mark Twain once said about America: “If you don’t like the weather in New England, just wait a few minutes”, but it is more likely to have been said about England. Britain is also famous for its fogs. Sometimes fogs are so thick that it is impossible to see anything within 2 or 3 metres.

The English also say that there are three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when it rains all day long. The driest period is from March to June and the wettest months are from October to January. The average temperature is from 5 to 23 degrees above zero. Sometimes the temperature rises to 30 degrees above zero in summer and falls to 10 degrees below zero in winter.

So, we may say that the British climate has three main features: it is mild, humid and changeable. This humid and mild climate is good for plants. Trees and flowers begin to blossom very early in spring.

Климат Великобритании

Великобритания расположена на островах. Она омывается морями со всех сторон. Вот почему климат и природа Великобритании весьма специфичны. Это не очень холодная зима и не очень жаркое лето. В зимний период здесь нет льда на реках и озерах. Снег выпадает очень редко. Зато дожди идут во все времена года. Погода меняется очень часто. Все это из-за влияния Гольфстрима.

Марк Твен однажды сказал об Америке: "Если вам не нравится погода в Новой Англии, подождите несколько минут", но это скорее всего было бы правильно сказать об Англии. Великобритания также славится своими туманами. Иногда туман настолько густой, что невозможно увидеть что-либо за 2 или 3 метра.

Англичане также говорят, что есть три варианта погоды: когда идет дождь утром, когда идет дождь во второй половине дня или в течение всего дня. Самый сухой период - с марта по июнь и самые влажные месяца - с октября по январь. Средняя температура составляет от 5 до 23 градусов выше нуля. Иногда температура поднимается до 30 градусов выше нуля летом и падает до 10 градусов ниже нуля зимой.

Таким образом, мы можем сказать, что британский климат имеет три основные черты: он мягкий, влажный и изменчивый. Этот влажный и мягкий климат хорош для растений. Деревья и цветы начинают цвести очень рано весной.

The climate in Great Britain is generally mild and temperate, due to the influence of the Gulf Stream. The southwestern winds carry the warmth and moisture into Britain. The climate in Britain is usually described as cool, temperate and humid. British people say: "Other countries have a climate, in England we have weather."

The weather is the favourite topic of conversation in Britain. When two Brits are introduced to each other, if they can"t think of anything else to talk about, they will talk about weather. When two people meet in the street, they will often say something weather-related as they pass, just to show their friendliness.

Every daily paper publishes a weather forecast. Both the radio and television give the weather forecast several times each day. The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when in rains all day long. Sometimes it rains so heavily that they say "It"s raining cats and dogs". Rainfall is more or less even throughout the year.

In the mountains there is heavier rainfall then in the plains of the south and east. The driest period is from March to June and the wettest months are from October to January. The average range of temperature (from winter to summer) is from 15 to 23 Celsius degrees above zero. During a normal summer the temperature sometimes rises above 30 degrees in the south. Winter temperatures below 10 degrees are rare. It seldom snows heavily in winter, and frost is rare. January and February are usually the coldest months, and July and August the warmest. Still the wind may bring winter cold in spring, or on summer days. Sometimes it brings whirlwinds or hurricanes. Droughts are rare.

So, we can say that British climate has three main features: it is mild, humid and changeable. That means that it is never too hot nor too cold. Winters are extremely mild. Snow may come but it melts quickly. In winter the cold is a humid cold, not of the dry variety. This humid and mild climate pattern is good for plants. Trees and flowers begin to blossom early in spring.

In British homes there has been no central heating up till recently. The fireplaces are often fired-up, but coal is not used as it"s very expensive, so people use wood instead for fireplaces. Britain doesn"t have any high-grade coal, and has to import it into the country. Many schools and universities don"t have any central heating either, and the floors there are made of stone. The typical British bedroom is especially cold, and sometimes electric blankets or hotwater bottles are used.

Britain was originally a land of vast forests, mainly oak and beech in the Lowlands and pine and birch in the Highlands, with broad stretches of marshland and smaller areas of moors. Over the course of time, much of the forest land was cleared and almost all Lowlands outside the industrial areas were cultivated. Today only about 6 per cent of the total land area remains wooded. Extensive forests remain in eastern and northern Scotland and in southeastern and western England. Oak, elm, ash, and beech are the commonest trees in England, while Scotland has a lot of pine and birch. The Highlands are largely moorland with heather, grasses and shallow soil.

In the cultivated areas that make up most of Britain, there are many wild flowers, flowering plants and grasses. The fauna or animal life of Britain is much like that of northwestern Europe, which the UK used to be a part of. Many larger mammals such as bear and wolf have been hunted to extinction, while others are now protected by law. In addition, there are many foxes. Otters are common along rivers and streams, and seals live along much of the coast. Hedgehogs, hares, rabbits, rats and mice are numerous. Deer live in some of the forests in the Highlands of Scotland and England. Some 230 species of birds live in Britain, and another 200 varieties are regular visitors, many are songbirds. The most numerous are blackbirds, sparrow and starling. Robin Redbreast is the national bird of Britain. The number of ducks, geese and other water fowl has diminished during recent years. There are many threats to both the wildlife and ecological balance around the coast. The biggest threat to the coastline is pollution. Even much-loved Blackpool is not officially safe. More than 3.500 million tons of industrial waste is pumped into the North Sea every year. "We cannot continue to use our seas as a dustbin and expect our coastline to survive," says Greenpeace. Many other ecological problems may be caused by privatization of the coast. Many of the rivers are "biologically dead", and therefore unable to support fish and wildlife.

The British Isles which are surrounded by the ocean have an insular climate.
There are 3 things that chiefly determine the climate of the United Kingdom: the position of the islands in the temperate belt; the fact that the prevailing winds blow from the west and south-west and the warm current - the Gulf Stream that flows from the Gulf of Mexico along the western shores of England. All these features make the climate more moderate, without striking difference between seasons. It is not very cold in winter and never very hot in summer.
So, the British ports are ice-free and its rivers are not frozen throughout the year. The weather on the British Isles has a bad reputation. It is very changeable and fickle. The British say that there is a climate in other countries, but we have just weather. If you don"t like the weather in England, just wait a few minutes.
It rains very often in all seasons in Great Britain. Autumn and winter are the wettest. The sky is usually grey and cold winds blow. On the average, Britain has more than 200 rainy days a year. The English say that they have 3 variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon, and when it rains all day long. Sometimes it rains so heavily, that they say «It"s raining cats and dogs».
Britain is known all over the world for its fogs. Sometimes fogs are so thick that it"s impossible to see anything within a few meters. The winter fogs of London are, indeed, awful; they surpass all imagination. In a dense fog all traffic is stopped, no vehicle can move from fear of dreadful accidents. So, we may say that the British climate has three main features: it is mild, humid and very changeable.

Климат в Великобритании

Британские острова, окруженные океаном, имеют островной климат.
В основном климат Великобритании определяют три фактора: расположение островов в умеренном поясе; факт того, что господствующие ветры дуют с запада и юго-запада; теплое течение Гольфстрим, которое течет из Мексиканского залива вдоль западного побережья Англии. Все это в совокупности, делает климат более умеренным, без большой разницы температур между сезонами. Здесь не очень холодно зимой и никогда не бывает жарко .
Так что Британские порты не сковываются льдом зимой, а реки не замерзают в течение года. Погода на Британских островах имеет плохую репутацию. Она очень изменчива и непостоянна. Британцы говорят, что в других странах есть климат, а у нас - погода. Если вам не нравится погода в Англии, подождите несколько минут.
В Великобритании идет очень часто и в любое время года. Самые влажные сезоны - и " . Небо обычно серого цвета, дуют холодные ветры. В среднем по Англии более 200 дождливых дней в году. Англичане говорят, что у них три погоды: когда идет дождь утром, когда идет дождь днем и когда идет дождь целый день. Иногда идет настолько сильный дождь, что они говорят «дождь льет как из ведра».
Англия известна во всем мире своими туманами. Иногда туманы настолько густы, что невозможно что-либо рассмотреть в нескольких метрах от себя. Зимние туманы Лондона, действительно, ужасны; они превосходят любое воображение. В очень сильном тумане останавливается весь транспорт, из-за страха попасть в ужасную аварию, любая машина вынуждена стоять. Так что мы можем сказать, что британский климат имеет три основных особенности: он умеренный, влажный и очень непостоянный.

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